Beeple Everydays, Five Years Later: What Christie’s Sold for $69 Million, and What an NFT Buyer Owns

By Ryan Bethencourt, author of ZERO and PUNKS. Published November 13, 2026. Last updated November 13, 2026. Sources and rankings checked October 20, 2026.

In this guide: What Christie’s sold | Who Beeple is | Who bought Everydays | Twobadour | What an NFT buyer owns | NFT copyright | Commercial use and licenses | Yuga Labs v. Ripps | Why pay for a right-click image | Is it still the record? | Most expensive NFTs ever sold | Beeple since 2021 | FAQ

What exactly was sold at Christie’s?

Christie’s sold one non-fungible token: an entry on the Ethereum blockchain tied to Everydays: The First 5000 Days, a single JPEG that arranges 5,000 of Beeple’s daily images in the order he made them. It was the only lot in an online-only sale, and it closed on March 11, 2021 at a hammer price of $60.25 million, or $69,346,250 with the buyer’s premium.

The file is enormous for a picture: a square JPEG 21,069 pixels on each side, holding images made from May 1, 2007 to January 7, 2021, by Christie’s lot notes.

The sale’s timeline, as The Art Newspaper reported it:

1. February 16, 2021: Christie’s announced the sale, and the token was minted.
2. February 25, 2021: bidding opened at $100.
3. The night before the close: the bid stood at $13.25 million.
4. March 11, 2021: the lot closed at a hammer price of $60.25 million, or $69,346,250 with the buyer’s premium.

The Christie’s NFT auction drew a crowd new to the saleroom: 33 bidders placed 353 bids, and 91 percent of the bidders were new to Christie’s. The Associated Press added that bidders came from 11 countries and that, by Christie’s count, 22 million people watched the closing minutes.

The last fifteen minutes: Justin Sun’s bid for Everydays

The finish is known mostly from the man who lost: the tech entrepreneur Justin Sun, who posted his account on Twitter soon after the sale. PUNKS reconstructs it from those posts.

Then came the last fifteen minutes. In that span the price rose by more than $40 million, with single jumps of $10 million and $15 million. One of the last bidders standing was the Chinese tech entrepreneur Justin Sun, and his account of the finish, posted afterward on Twitter, is the closest thing the public has to a view of the final seconds. A bid of $50.7 million in the last 38 seconds of the original session, he wrote, extended the session “for another 95 secs.” In that extension he bid $60 million. With about 30 seconds left he tried to raise his bid to $70 million, he said, but it “was somehow not accepted by Christie’s system.” In the last 20 seconds another bidder topped him by $250,000. “My final effective bid was $60 MIL (plus fee $69 MIL),” he tweeted. Christie’s replied that “unfortunately your bid did not reach our bidding system in time prior to the lot closing.”

The hammer fell at $60.25 million. With the buyer’s premium, the price was $69,346,250.

Excerpted from PUNKS: NFTs and the Misfits Who Made Art Ownable by Ryan Bethencourt, Chapter Six, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Two details from that finish matter:

• The price includes fees. The famous $69 million includes the buyer’s premium; the winning bid was $60.25 million.
• The $70 million bid never counted. Sun’s $70 million bid, by Christie’s account, never reached its system before the lot closed.

The Art Newspaper’s March 12, 2021 report quotes his posts.

Who is Beeple, and what is the Beeple Everydays series?

Beeple is Mike Winkelmann (born Michael Joseph Winkelmann), a digital artist from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, born June 20, 1981. The Beeple Everydays series is the run of images he has made every day, without a break, since May 1, 2007.

The work found an audience long before it found a price. Beeple at a glance:

• Training: a 2003 computer science degree from Purdue.
• The habit: Tom Judd, a British artist, inspired it.
• Home: he relocated to the Charleston, South Carolina region in 2017.
• Fashion: Louis Vuitton used Everydays images in its Spring/Summer 2019 collection.
• NFTs: his first NFT collection came out on Nifty Gateway in October 2020.
• Count: NODE’s page for its 2026 survey puts the practice at more than 6,800 consecutive pieces.

In a statement Christie’s released after the sale, he said that for digital art before NFTs, “there was never a real way to truly own and collect it.” That same month, as PUNKS recounts from The Independent, he also called crypto art a bubble and predicted that much of it would be worth nothing.

For the longer story of digital ownership, from Quantum in 2014 to tokenized trading cards in 2026, see our history of NFTs.

Who bought Beeple’s $69 million NFT?

Vignesh Sundaresan, a programmer and investor based in Singapore who collects as MetaKovan, bought Everydays through his NFT fund, Metapurse. Decrypt reported that he was chief executive of Portkey Technologies. He was also a co-founder of Bitaccess, a maker of bitcoin ATMs (PUNKS, Chapter 6).

The identity emerged in three steps:

1. First, an early Bloomberg report wrongly named Justin Sun, the underbidder.
2. March 12, 2021: Christie’s confirmed only the pseudonym, MetaKovan, founder of Metapurse.
3. March 18, 2021: Metapurse revealed the person behind it.

Sundaresan shows the work in a digital museum that anyone can visit in a web browser. As of October 20, 2026, neither PUNKS nor Wikipedia’s article on the work records a resale of the token since March 2021.

The purchase had critics. Artnet’s Ben Davis judged the images poor and found racist, misogynist and homophobic stereotypes in some. Others questioned the incentives: Metapurse had also sold B.20, fractional tokens in a bundle of other Beeple pieces, whose value rose and fell with Beeple’s market. B.20 later collapsed (PUNKS, Chapter 6).

Who was Twobadour?

Twobadour is Anand Venkateswaran, presented publicly in 2021 as Sundaresan’s partner in Metapurse; Decrypt described him then as co-running the fund. A 2026 federal judgment, entered with his consent, now limits what he may say about that role.

The Twobadour lawsuit began in 2023, when Portkey and Sundaresan took him to federal court in Manhattan (the Southern District of New York) over trademarks and the way his role had been described. On March 11, 2026, Portkey announced a Final Judgment Upon Consent. The judgment itself, linked from that announcement, is stamped as filed on January 30, 2026. Under it:

• The TWOBADOUR, METAPURSE and DREAMVERSE trademarks belong to Portkey.
• Venkateswaran may not claim or suggest that he was a founder, owner, steward, fund manager or producer of those brands, or that the Beeple purchase was his doing.
• He agreed to pay the plaintiffs an undisclosed sum.
• He had to publish statements confirming that “Mr. Venkateswaran did not have any decision-making or management authority over those purchases.”

The legal status is precise: he agreed to this judgment in a trademark dispute, the parties settled “without any admission of liability,” and it makes no finding of fraud. Portkey’s release says the judgment concluded the litigation.

What do you own when you buy an NFT?

When you buy an NFT, you own a token: a blockchain record of which address holds it, which you can sell or transfer. You do not automatically own the image file, which anyone can view and copy, or the copyright, which stays with the artist unless a license or a signed transfer says otherwise.

PUNKS answers the question in a key-concept box built on Everydays, though the same three layers apply to any NFT sale.

KEY CONCEPT: WHAT A BUYER ACTUALLY OWNS

An NFT sale involves three different things that people tend to treat as one. […]

• The token. An entry on a blockchain that records which address holds it. It can be sold or transferred, and its chain of past owners is public. This is what the auction transferred.
• The file. The image itself, here a very large JPEG. The token’s metadata points to where the file is stored. Anyone can view, download or copy the file, and the token does not prevent that.
• The copyright. The legal right to reproduce, adapt and sell copies of the work. Unless the artist signs it away or grants a license, it stays with the artist.

MetaKovan holds the token and the right to display the work, which he exercises in his browser-based museum. Beeple holds the copyright.

Imagine buying a signed, numbered print from a well-known photographer. You own that print, and the signature and number prove which one it is. You do not own the right to make more prints, sell posters or license the picture to an advertiser. Those rights stay in the studio. An NFT works like the signature and the number, kept on a public record that anyone can check and nobody can quietly edit.

That distinction explains both sides of the argument that would follow. Copying the file copies the picture, not the record of who holds the original. But the record, by itself, gives the holder no control over the image.

Excerpted from PUNKS: NFTs and the Misfits Who Made Art Ownable by Ryan Bethencourt, Chapter Six, CC BY-SA 4.0.

The print analogy settles most NFT arguments in one move. The skeptic is right that the token gives no control over the picture; the collector is right that a copy is not the original, because the original is defined by the record. Where the file lives, on a company server, IPFS, Arweave or the chain itself, is a separate question, covered in our guide to where NFT art is actually stored.

The layers side by side, with Everydays as the example:

Does the buyer own the copyright to an NFT?

Not by default. US law requires a signed writing to transfer a copyright, so NFT copyright usually stays with the artist, and as of March 2024 no court had ruled on whether a smart contract counts.

The US Copyright Office and the US Patent and Trademark Office set out the rule in their joint report to Congress, Non-Fungible Tokens and Intellectual Property, published March 12, 2024: “For a transfer of copyright or an exclusive license of any copyright rights to be valid under the Copyright Act, it must be in writing and signed by the owner of the rights or their authorized agent.” Its next sentence: “Courts have not ruled on whether smart contracts can satisfy this requirement.”

The report also names the problem: among NFT buyers and sellers, the difference between owning a token and owning the copyright “has generated substantial confusion.” Even so, the agencies said they did not believe changes to intellectual property law were “necessary or advisable at this time.”

“As a general matter, while the NFT purchaser owns the on-chain token, the digital work is typically only licensed to the NFT owner,” wrote Stuart Levi, Mana Ghaemmaghami and Gabriel Mohr of the law firm Skadden in a 2022 analysis. For Everydays, that license is a right to display.

Can I use my NFT commercially?

You can use an NFT commercially only if its license says so. Commercial rights come from the project’s terms, not the token, and they range from display only to full commercial use to no copyright at all.

Check the project’s own terms before building on an image. Most follow one of four NFT license models:

Do Bored Ape and CryptoPunks holders have commercial rights?

Bored Ape holders got a commercial license to the art, but not to the brand. CryptoPunks holders got commercial terms only in August 2022, after Yuga Labs bought the Punks’ intellectual property.

Bored Ape Yacht Club sold its apes in April and May 2021 at 0.08 ETH each. In PUNKS’ framing, a Punk worked as a status marker, while an ape was sold as a club membership with a license attached. Yuga Labs’ terms gave each holder “an unlimited, worldwide license to use, copy, and display the purchased Art,” including for derivative works, for as long as they held the ape and complied with the terms (Chapter 9).

The license covered the picture, not the brand. The Mutant Ape Yacht Club terms, quoted by Skadden, say that “other than the rights to the Art, nothing herein gives you any rights to any other trademarks or other intellectual property rights belonging to Yuga Labs,” and go on to name the Bored Ape and Mutant Ape marks and logos. A holder could exploit the artwork but not the Bored Ape Yacht Club name.

The Punks went the other way. Their holders had no published commercial terms until August 2022, five months after Yuga Labs bought the Punks’ intellectual property from Larva Labs. In May 2025 Yuga sold the full IP to the nonprofit NODE Foundation, while the tokens stayed with their holders. The chain of custody is in our complete history of CryptoPunks.

CC0 NFTs: when the artist gives the image away

CC0 is the Creative Commons tool that lets creators “waive all copyright and related rights in their works” and dedicate them to the public domain. Nouns, which began its daily auctions on August 8, 2021, released its art under CC0, and Gremplin waived copyright in CrypToadz, PUNKS records. As of October 2026, XCOPY’s own works are CC0 too, though the artist’s site adds that collaborations and derivatives may carry other rights.

What did the Yuga Labs v. Ripps case decide?

Yuga Labs v. Ripps decided that an NFT can carry a trademark. On July 23, 2025, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that NFTs qualify as goods under the Lanham Act, the federal trademark statute. Yuga Labs had sued two creators, Ryder Ripps and Jeremy Cahen, over a near-identical collection called “Ryder Ripps Bored Ape Yacht Club” (RR/BAYC).

The opinion put it in one line: “we hold that Yuga’s NFTs are not merely monkey business and can be trademarked.” It also observed that “Customers experience the BAYC NFTs as more than a digital deed to or authentication of artwork,” because the tokens work as membership passes. But it reversed the summary judgment behind Yuga’s award of more than $8 million, because Yuga had not proven likely confusion as a matter of law, and sent the infringement and cybersquatting claims back for trial.

There was no trial. On April 7, 2026, Yuga and the defendants told the court in a filing that they had reached a settlement. According to Reuters, as The Block relayed on April 8, 2026, Ripps may no longer use Yuga’s imagery or trademarks.

The lesson for holders: the token, the copyright in the art and the trademark in the brand are three separate pieces of property, and a license can hand you one without the others.

Why would anyone pay for an image you can right-click and save?

NFT buyers pay for provenance: the public record that a given token is the artist’s original issue, and the history of who has held it. Exclusive access to the picture was never on offer.

In spring 2021 I watched founders and VCs on my feed switch to pixel faces. Every one of those images could be saved in a click. What a screenshot could not show was which wallet held the token, and that was the part people paid for.

XCOPY, the pseudonymous London-based glitch artist, has tested the point for years. XCOPY’s earliest single editions on SuperRare, in 2018, went for 1 ETH or less apiece; Death Dip resold for 1,000 ETH on March 24, 2021. Then came Cozomo de’ Medici, a pseudonymous collector account that Snoop Dogg publicly claimed in September 2021; no public source has confirmed who runs it.

On December 9, 2021, the Cozomo account bought Right-click and Save As guy on SuperRare. The marketplace’s bot posted the receipt: “Sold to @CozomoMedici for 1600.0 ETH ($7,022,000.00).” XCOPY had minted the piece on December 6, 2018, and it had first sold for 1 ETH, about $90. […]

[…]

XCOPY has also given the images away. As of October 2026, the artist’s website states: “XCOPY works are licensed under CC0 (Public Domain), free to use, remix, and build upon.” […] That sounds like a concession to the right-clickers, but it made explicit what the 1,600 ETH sale had implied. Collectors were never paying for exclusive access to a picture that anyone could already see. They were paying for the record that a particular token was the one the artist made, and for the history attached to it.

Excerpted from PUNKS: NFTs and the Misfits Who Made Art Ownable by Ryan Bethencourt, Chapter Seven, CC BY-SA 4.0.

The title of XCOPY’s Right-click and Save As guy is the joke, and the price is the punchline. Exactly one year after the Death Dip sale, the point held at scale: on March 24, 2022, XCOPY’s open edition MAX PAIN sold 7,394 copies at $3,108 each in a ten-minute sale, just under $23 million, as PUNKS records from Decrypt.

Provenance may matter more as AI image tools spread. Token #1 on SuperRare’s contract, minted on April 5, 2018, was an AI-generated portrait by Robbie Barrat (PUNKS, Chapter 4). PUNKS argues, as a claim rather than a measurement, that a flood of machine-made images makes a public record of who published which file more useful. On Solana, the AI-art thread runs through our profile of Abstratica, an early AI art collection on Solana.

Is Everydays still the most expensive NFT?

Yes, as of October 20, 2026, for a single token sold in a single sale. In Wikipedia’s “List of most expensive non-fungible tokens”, consulted on October 20, 2026, no single NFT had sold for more than Beeple’s Everydays at $69.3 million. Pak’s The Merge took in more money in total, but from tens of thousands of buyers.

Everydays also holds a place in the conventional art market. By The Art Newspaper‘s count in March 2021, it had the third-highest auction price ever paid for a living artist’s work, behind two Christie’s sales. Counting private sales, two Jasper Johns paintings also rank above it.

Five years on, the order had held. In the version consulted on October 20, 2026, Wikipedia’s ranking of the costliest artworks by living artists showed no living artist’s work topping $69.3 million at auction since March 2021. Ed Ruscha came closest.

What is the most expensive NFT ever sold?

As of October 20, 2026, the most expensive NFT ever sold as a single token was Beeple’s Everydays, at $69,346,250. By total money raised for one artwork, the leader was Pak’s The Merge, at $91,806,519, sold as an open edition.

The table lists a selection of the most expensive NFTs ever sold, each with its sale date and a source in the table or the source list. Prices are historical, not current values.

Three kinds of entry make NFT rankings disagree, and each needs a label:

• Open editions. An open edition has no fixed supply; demand sets how many exist. The Merge‘s units, called “mass,” cost $299 for existing Pak collectors and $400 rising to $575 for the public, and at the close each wallet’s units combined into a single token (PUNKS, Chapter 7). Guinness files it in its own category, open-edition NFT artwork.
• DAO buyers. Clock, which counts the days Julian Assange spent in prison, went to AssangeDAO, an online collective that pooled 17,422 ETH from contributors. One token, but no single buyer. (Assange pleaded guilty to one Espionage Act charge in June 2024 and was released.)
• Transfers that were not sales. On October 28, 2021, CryptoPunk #9998 appeared to sell at 124,457 ETH (around $532 million). The owner had bought it from themselves with a flash loan, money borrowed and repaid within the same transaction, as The Block explained the next day. It belongs in no honest ranking.

The crowned skeleton at the bottom of the table is the Solana record; its collection’s story is in our history of Solana Monkey Business.

Most of these prices were set in 2021 and early 2022. Then came the crash: on The Block’s data, NFT trading fell from over $50 billion in 2022 to about $5.5 billion in 2025, a drop of roughly 90 percent. Our look at whether NFTs are dead follows the numbers.

What has Beeple made since the $69 million sale?

Since the March 2021 sale, Beeple has made physical work, opened a studio and built a museum career, leading to a mid-career survey in 2026. The milestones, in order:

1. November 9, 2021: HUMAN ONE, a video sculpture on four screens showing a spacesuited figure, paired with an NFT, made $28,985,000 at Christie’s on a $25 million hammer. The buyer was the crypto investor Ryan Zurrer, Decrypt reported.
2. April 2022 to 2023: HUMAN ONE gave Beeple his first museum showing, at Castello di Rivoli near Turin in April 2022. Hong Kong’s M+ showed it between December 2022 and June 2023, and Crystal Bridges followed in 2023 (PUNKS, Chapter 6).
3. March 11, 2023: Beeple Studios, a 50,000-square-foot space in Charleston, opened exactly two years after the Christie’s sale.
4. December 3, 2025: in Zero 10, Art Basel’s digital-art section at the Miami Beach fair, Regular Animals set loose robot dogs with sculpted heads of Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol and Beeple. The dogs turned what their cameras saw into stylized prints; an event description listed 1,024 free prints and 256 free NFTs, Decrypt reported.
5. April 18 to June 28, 2026: NODE, the nonprofit that now owns the CryptoPunks IP, staged INFINITE_LOOP in Palo Alto, a survey that presented HUMAN ONE “alongside its six previous chapters.” PUNKS notes that the work’s NFT lets Beeple update the video remotely.
6. June 2026: during the show, NODE auctioned Everyday #5017; OpenSea’s weekly roundup described it as the first Everyday with a CryptoPunk in it. The auction ended at $106,000, paid in USDC, and the buyer also got a 36-by-36-inch oil on canvas.

Set the $106,000 Everyday beside the $69 million collage and the arc of the market is plain. The speculation of 2021 is gone. The records, the museums and the daily practice are still there.

For the artists, sales and collections around this story, on Ethereum and Solana, start with our hub for NFT and crypto-art history.

Frequently asked questions

Can someone else sell prints of an NFT I own?

Owning the token does not stop it. The right to sell prints belongs to the copyright holder, usually the artist, and to anyone the artist licenses. Beeple, for example, kept the right to reproduce Everydays after MetaKovan bought the token. If the work is CC0, anyone may sell prints, including you. If your collection grants holders a commercial license, you may too, on its terms.

What does CC0 mean for NFTs?

CC0 is a Creative Commons tool that lets a creator waive copyright and related rights and dedicate a work to the public domain. For an NFT, it means anyone can reuse, adapt or sell the image, while the token still records which copy the artist issued and who holds it. Nouns, CrypToadz and, as of October 2026, XCOPY’s own works use it.

Who is MetaKovan?

MetaKovan is the collector name of Vignesh Sundaresan, a programmer and investor based in Singapore who bought Beeple’s Everydays for $69,346,250 at Christie’s on March 11, 2021. He ran the NFT fund Metapurse and was chief executive of Portkey Technologies in 2021. He displays Everydays in a browser-based digital museum and holds the token and the display right, not the copyright.

How much is Everydays worth now?

Nobody can say. A market price exists only when a buyer and a seller agree, and as of October 20, 2026, neither PUNKS nor Wikipedia’s article on the work records a resale since March 11, 2021. The $69,346,250 figure is a historical price, not a current value. On The Block’s data, NFT trading in 2025 was roughly 90 percent below its 2022 peak.

What is the most expensive Solana NFT?

Solana Monkey Business #1355, a pixel skeleton wearing a crown, sold for 13,027 SOL on October 1, 2021, worth about $1.8 to $2.1 million at the time. As of October 2026 it was still the top Solana sale in Wikipedia’s ranking of NFT sales.

Sources and further reading

1. Christie’s, “RESULTS: Beeple’s Purely Digital NFT-Based Work of Art Achieves $69.3 Million at Christie’s,” press release, March 11, 2021. press.christies.com; Christie’s lot page and lot essay for EVERYDAYS: THE FIRST 5000 DAYS. christies.com
2. “WTAF? Beeple NFT work sells for astonishing $69.3m at Christie’s after flurry of last-minute bids nearly crashes website,” The Art Newspaper, March 11, 2021. theartnewspaper.com
3. The Art Newspaper, report on Justin Sun’s account of the final seconds, March 12, 2021 (his posts and Christie’s reply). theartnewspaper.com
4. Associated Press, “Digital artwork auctions for $69 million amid online craze,” March 11, 2021, via PBS NewsHour. pbs.org
5. Decrypt, report unmasking MetaKovan as Vignesh Sundaresan, March 19, 2021. decrypt.co
6. Portkey Technologies, press release on its federal judgment against Anand Venkateswaran, PR Newswire, March 11, 2026 (Final Judgment Upon Consent, S.D.N.Y. Case No. 23-cv-05074). prnewswire.com
7. US Patent and Trademark Office and US Copyright Office, Non-Fungible Tokens and Intellectual Property: A Report to Congress, March 12, 2024. copyright.gov (PDF); announcement
8. US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Yuga Labs, Inc. v. Ripps, No. 24-879, opinion filed July 23, 2025. ca9.uscourts.gov (PDF)
9. The Block, report on the Yuga Labs settlement with Ryder Ripps, April 8, 2026. theblock.co
10. “CryptoPunk and Meebits holders can now use their NFTs for commercial projects,” The Block, August 16, 2022. theblock.co
11. Stuart Levi, Mana Ghaemmaghami and Gabriel Mohr (Skadden), “Skadden Discusses the Growing Complexity of Commercial Rights Issues in NFTs,” CLS Blue Sky Blog, June 1, 2022 (based on the firm’s May 6, 2022 article in Law360). skadden.com (PDF)
12. XCOPY, “Creative Commons,” read October 20, 2026. xcopy.art; Creative Commons, “CC0.” creativecommons.org
13. Guinness World Records, “Most expensive NFT artwork (open-edition auction),” record dated December 4, 2021. guinnessworldrecords.com; “Pak’s experimental Ethereum NFT drop ‘Merge’ sells for nearly $92M,” Decrypt, December 6, 2021. decrypt.co
14. “CryptoPunks Ethereum NFT Sells for Nearly $24M, Doubling Previous Record,” Decrypt, February 12, 2022 (CryptoPunk #5822). decrypt.co
15. “AssangeDAO wins Julian Assange x Pak NFT for $53 million,” The Block, February 9, 2022. theblock.co
16. The Block, report on the $532 million CryptoPunk flash-loan transfer, October 29, 2021. theblock.co
17. “NFT Artist Beeple Sells Latest Work for $29 Million at Auction,” Decrypt, November 10, 2021. decrypt.co
18. Sotheby’s, article on the sale of Dmitri Cherniak’s Ringers #879 (The Goose) at the Grails Part II auction, June 15, 2023. sothebys.com
19. Wikipedia, “List of most expensive non-fungible tokens” and “List of most expensive artworks by living artists,” both consulted October 20, 2026. NFTs; living artists
20. NODE Foundation, “BEEPLE: INFINITE_LOOP,” April 18 to June 28, 2026. nodefoundation.com; OpenSea, “This week in Currents: The OpenSea Digest, June 25, 2026,” published June 26, 2026. opensea.io
21. “Beeple Made Robot Dogs With Musk, Zuckerberg, and Warhol Heads That Poop NFTs,” Decrypt, December 5, 2025. decrypt.co
22. Ryan Bethencourt, PUNKS: NFTs and the Misfits Who Made Art Ownable (2026), Chapters 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 17, 21 and 22.

Related reading: the Grey Area Labs guide to NFTs and crypto art | NFT history from colored coins to MoMA | CryptoPunks, from the 11-cent claim to MoMA | where NFT art actually lives | about PUNKS | all of Ryan’s books

Changelog: November 13, 2026: first published. Sale records, rankings, court documents and license terms checked on October 20, 2026.